Bummy juice drug test. Additionally, fiber-rich nuts and seeds can be added to these drinks. Bummy juice drug test

 
 Additionally, fiber-rich nuts and seeds can be added to these drinksBummy juice drug test  Just mix one tablespoon of lemon juice into a 16oz glass of water, and spend the next few hours slowly sipping

The baking soda drug test method is very simple. ago. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Chewing ice will keep your mouth rinsed, dilute saliva, and reduce the proportion of drug metabolites below the cutoff level. Daily Intake Of Cranberry Juice For THC Detox. Drink lots of water to keep your mouth clean and fresh. Unfortunately, it can show as an opiate if you have a large amount, but if we're talking about one-off recreational use, then it's unlikely your Blue Lotus use will show up on a tox screen. . This will not help you pass a saliva test. Detox drinks. This will assist in increasing your heart rate and body metabolism. Answered November 27, 2019. Do not drink anything after using the wash because it could hurt your chances of passing. 4. Drug testing. Don’t go overboard, though; the lab will reject samples that are too watery. Jungle Juice is amyl nitrite, which is a very well-known collection of chemicals called alkyl nitrites. If you're wondering whether there is a drug test specifically to test for vaping, the short answer is no. Many are busted this way, some find ways to juice anyway with combinations of masking agents/weird protocols designed to elude drug tests, but still makes juicing much harder. Take the 10 grams of creatine ethyl supplement 3 hours before the test. Five years ago, researchers led by Virginia Commonwealth University forensic science professor Michelle Peace, Ph. Overall rating 5. Synthetic urine. Nov. Drinking an excessive amount of water with diuretics helps clean out your system for a drug test, but this will also noticeably dilute your urine and make it pale. And that’s only for popular ones, newer ones are still not testable. 8. The urinalysis test detects a wide range of substances including prescription drugs, cocaine, marijuana, & MDMA (Ecstasy)…among others. And, rightly so. First i’d like to say that the stuff is extremely dangerous. A nd while this may sound like a solid theory, the problem is, it takes time to be effective. or intravenously [IV] every 6–12 hours) or a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). The kit includes non-smoking pads to warm your. 5 inches long and about as thick as a pencil. The good news is that the best THC detox products can do much more than help you pass a drug test; they can also help you on your journey to better health, wellness, and performance. It is believed that the acidity in cranberry juice can help flush out. In other words, those drinks flush weed out of your system. Cranberry juice is most effective with long-term use and should be consumed regularly for a minimum of three days to help at all with your detox. This is the best way to preserve urine, but it still has limitations. 451. Answered January 6, 2020 - Assistant Machine Operator (Current Employee) - Le Mars, IA. Maybe something like. Juices and smoothies are common types of the best detox drink for THC drug tests. It helps boost immunity, and control body weight and is best among home remedies to pass a urine drug test. Play. Users will benefit by opting for apple cider vinegar drinks regularly, during. Additionally, the acetic acid in vinegar has been shown to help break down THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, which can then be excreted from the body more quickly. The Certo drug test method is a urine (and blood) drug test detox method where fruit pectin is used as the “primary ingredient” to pass your drug test. This question is often on the minds of people who are vaping CBD to treat a particular illness, like chronic pain or anxiety. Okay – a crash diet and chugging cranberry juice won’t help you pass a surprise drug test. If you are in good health and in decent shape, you can cleanse your body naturally in 4-6 weeks through proper diet and exercise. Natural Process to Successfully Pass a Piss Test. Gummiberry Juice is first featured in the animated show Adventures of the Gummi Bears. It is produced by CBGA (cannabigerolic acid) during the lifetime of the plant, by an enzyme called THCA-synthase. For the song, see Gummiberry Juice (song) Gummiberry Juice is a magical liquid concoction, made using Gummiberries by the Gummi Bears. TestClear Mega Clean Detox Drink - Best for Flavored Detox. Removes undesirable drug toxins from your blood, urine, and saliva. For example, hemp contains anywhere from 1/10th to 1/300th of the THC concentration found in marijuana. It’s particularly hard to detox the body if you are a regular marijuana user. Typically, traces. Household bleach consists of about 5. Some veggies such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts, are known to create gas. Procedure. A combination of lemon juice and water could help rid your body of the THC metabolites necessary to show up. Promotion. Baking soda and water or a baking soda flush will help you pass a drug test for methamphetamine or amphetamines if done properly. Put that gelatin capsule or. D. Natural ingredients in grapefruit juice, primarily furanocoumarin derivatives, have the capacity to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4 enzyme, accounting for a number of clinically important drug interactions (Bailey et al. If it gets you high like weed it's probably a synthetic cannabinoid if it's strong or maybe Delta-8 if it's mild. Then mix in your b-vitamin, 16 ounces of green tea, and 5 grams of creatine, and you’re good to go. Megadose niacin once every 6 hours 50-100 mg over your bodyweight. Others. All eliquid flavors proudly crafted by finest chemists and. Detected drugs. Introduction. This method is also sometimes used to pass a drug test. Getting started; Bummy Juice; Bummy Juice - Factory, Suppliers, Manufacturers from China. Take two aspirin tablets four to six hours before the test. It’s best to avoid junk and fatty foods or meals high in sodium because they make it harder for your body to flush out toxins. Let’s check how these ingredients affect the metabolism of marijuana and drug tests. Using this practice kit is simple, and will give you the confidence you need to pass your drug test. Take a vitamin b 12 pills and a 2-gram dose of creatine monohydrate. This will help pump drug metabolites from your body. Wrong! While cranberry juice is chock full of antioxidants to help your body detoxify, THC is stored in your fat cells so getting cranberry wasted isn't the proper method to get you through a. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Having a large amount of. iStock. This usually takes less than 5 minutes. This condition may be due to a change in the population of bacteria normally living in the GI tract that ferment (digest) rabbit's food; it may be due to a true outflow. However, it’s important to note that drinking too much cranberry juice can lead to stomach upset and diarrhea. Certo is the brand name of a type of fruit pectin commonly used for this method, hence the name. Humans have substrate-specific enzymes (e. It claimed to have great effects to heal anxiety and stress and depression also a good nights rest. Play BUMMY JUICE and discover followers on SoundCloud | Stream tracks, albums, playlists on desktop and mobile. Side effects vary, but according to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), they can include: Irritability. Generally, cannabis or marijuana can stay in your blood for up to two days after using it only once. This won’t completely cleanse your body for long-term results, but it will get you ready to pass a drug test for six hours after. The more dilute your urine is, the less detectable any drugs will be. Drink the mixture very quickly. For example, a 2017 study in JAMA found that 18 of 84 CBD products, all purchased online, had THC levels. Yes. 1. It gets in your fat cells. Specifically, Clorox says their bleach contains water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride,. You can always rely on aspirin in case you’re worried about passing a saliva drug test. Just tried vaping blue lotus flower for the first time. BUMMY by BummyLegion in VapePorn. People often react by buying jugs of cranberry juice and drinking it daily until their drug testing date. Time for a back story as to why you used. " In 1985, the US Drug Enforcement Administration moved the drug to Schedule 1 status with no accepted medical use. Stock up and vape in style! 🎃💨 Order Now: #bummylegion #vape #vapelife #vapecommunity #vapejuice #. Lemon is one of the more well-known detoxes for marijuana and a variety of other toxins. Shows up negative on drug tests, tested by Army guys. Play BUMMY JUICE and discover followers on SoundCloud | Stream tracks, albums, playlists on desktop and mobile. Stinger Detox. We have put together an easy diet and detox plan for you to follow below. Misusing prescription medicines, which means taking prescription. Diluted urine occurs when there’s too much water in the urine. 40 g of fiber. There is a belief that cranberry juice may help you pass a drug test. The recommended amount is usually around half a gallon, which is about 2 liters. 热门单曲. employment drug testing. If you have made your mind to try the Blue Lotus Flower, then Bummy Legion has the perfect solution for you! A. Cranberry juice is a diuretic. A personal tip: eat more greens and fiber foods. A 10-panel drug test is a common way to check for various drugs in a person’s body. Another important factor is how long after use does the drug test take. A vitamin with diuretic effects helps pass a urine drug test by increasing the amount of water in the urine,. Heroin: 2 days. Mouthwash – Best THC Detox Kit To Pass An Oral Swab Test. For long time users, this process may take up to 7-8 days in some cases. Heating the urine will result in the sample temperature being around 32° C to 38° C. Their Bummy Juice uses organic extracts of the flower and helps you achieve all the wellness goals you may have for the year. Rids your blood, urine, and saliva of unwanted drug toxins. Claiming to have a passive exposure to smoked weed. Apologies and thanks for the heads up. The first one is to drink lots of it to force the THC metabolites out of your urine. Taking more can lead to moderate to severe side effects. Next, use the Toxin Rid shampoo to cleanse your hair. Cheaper – or dodgier CBD brands – might contain trace elements of THC, however, and if they do this will show up in a drug test. In the mid-1980s, MDMA was being used at all-night dance parties, now referred to as "raves. Confirmation, if needed, is done by GC/MS. While this drug is known as a popper, in younger crowds this is more likely to be known by. Ease of Use. Just heat it up, strap it to your leg. 2020. The reason I eventually went for it is that every single other marijuana detox pill failed miserably for me. Unless you are off the charts no really good and expensive tests will be conducted. Drink lots of water to keep your mouth clean and fresh. In the first group (e. Company reviews. The worst-case scenario is that you get caught red-handed trying to cheat on your drug test. If you're facing a hair drug test. 6. g. Vinegar detox for weed. Summary. Thus, it gives an idea that when you drink it, the person can cheat a drug test. This beverage acts as diuretic and antioxidant that can be used to detox the body, but there is a lot to consider before trying it out. When used correctly, baking soda can be an effective home remedy to pass a marijuana drug test. Myth #19!Ur-ine Trouble, 200 pages –no mention of baking soda!Arm & Hammer –largest mining company of sodium bicarbonate does. Drinking a lot of water or adding water to a urine specimen. Drug testing, however, does screen for alcohol and drugs, like amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opiates and, yes, cannabis. Best Answer. Fast forward to today, Bummy Legion brings you the ultimate vaping experience. Call Addiction Advice Online for help today. Your body will need all the nutrients it can get. Maybe or Maybe not. Urine. 2020. Summary. Drug tests are designed to detect the presence of THC in your system, and THC gummies contain THC. First, drink 1-2 teaspoons of apple cider vinegar (ACV) in a glass of water. One day prior to the hair drug testing, use the bleaching process and color your hair one more. The first is to simply attempt to flush it out of your system entirely. Instructions: Baking Soda Cleanse to a Pass a Piss Drug Test. It includes: 4 pre-cleanse formula capsules. Menu; Search; Currency. However, it is time to officially debunk this myth and save cannabis users’ time and integrity of passing a drug test. The first is to simply attempt to flush it out of your system entirely. Related questions: Does jamba juice drug test 7 people answered. People often react by buying jugs of cranberry juice and drinking it daily until their drug testing date. If you feel sick, you could be taking in too much water in too short a time. 5. One should note that time is the only scientifically proven method for certainly passing a test, apart from not. The Apple Cider Vinegar Drug Test Method. 5 mL of 1% potassium permanganate solution, followed by addition of a few drops of 2N hydrochloric acid, turned the pink permanganate solution colorless with effervescence. popular-all-random-users. Just got tested at home. At Bummy legion We offer quality Vape Juice, Bummy Juice & other Quality Products All at affordable Prices! Which type of drug test do you need to pass? There are four main types of drug tests used to detect alcohol and scheduled substances—including THC—in your system. Put 2 large tablespoons of baking soda powder into the water. Designed specifically for people who have had a HEAVY toxic exposure. Step one is simply to get your hands on a large quantity of cranberry juice. No it does not. Here are the types of tests generally used to detect THC and marijuana. Blue Lotus Herbal E-Liquid (Nymphaea caerulea) $ 16. See more ideas about energy drinks, dopamine receptor, vape juice. Online, reports say 2 o 3 tablespoons, but as we have seen, one of our nearly dead experimenters took 3 to 5 teaspoons. Near us are two coolers full of peanut butter sandwiches, beer, juice, peaches and napkins. Cranberry juice may make you urinate more, but this won’t necessarily flush drugs from your system any faster. Apple juice will show full negative on a cup test. You must try the 24 hour cranberry juice cleanse if your test is in two days. In the past, people have commonly suggested drinking excessive amounts of cranberry juice to remove marijuana from your pee. He will cbd gummy show up on drug test will cbd gummy show up on test is understood to be the former French sugar free gummies cbd Minister Duvernois, coming from the best cbd gummies for depression Wilhelmsh he with proposals cbd oil gummies canandaigua ny for peace. Drink plenty of cranberry juice and water to get rid of toxins. In fact, THCA is one of the three major cannabinoids produced by CBGA, with the other two being CBDA and CBG. The Certo sure jell method is a “ home remedy ” way to pass a drug test. Take 8-16 ounces of water in a cup and then ½ lemons into the cup of water. Drug tests are designed to detect the presence of specific drugs. Drinking a lot of water will naturally make your pee clear, which may make testers suspicious. BUMMY JUICE. Today, we embark on a journey to unravel the truth behind the myth, uncovering the science, the misconceptions, and the cold hard facts. That road was the main passage in the camp, and many. Urine. Taper your nicotine use for at least 2 weeks before the test. Our blankets lay spread, piled with sweatshirts, suntan lotion and newspapers. , 2001; Ho et al. It is a homemade cocktail of various substances, including alcohol, pharmaceutical drugs, and household chemicals. Understanding the Drug Test Calculator Results. The first step is to avoid any drugs in these two weeks, followed by the use of azo cranberry tablets. Upvote. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and lean proteins the week before your drug test. One approach to dilution involves consuming a detox drink or your own mixture with roughly 20 oz of fluid, a dose of creatine, b-vitamins, and maybe an added. +1-844-721-0204 Helpline InformationUsually, taking about 2 litres or 1-2 glasses (daily) of cranberry juice and sufficient water should be enough. Saliva test. For now, you’d need to apply for the appropriate licenses to operate a cannabis business in each individual state in order to sell edibles there — and you still couldn’t ship your own. #2. The contest is now closed. X-axis: days after you stopped smoking. Take another 1–2 liters several hours before your test. The juice later makes a prominent appearance in the DuckTales reboot, in the episode "From the Confidential. Certo or Sure Jell is used to detoxify the blood and urine from marijuana, cocaine, opiates, and its metabolites. Includes an eight ounce resealable bag with 6 fruity flavors: Strawberry, Cherry, Apple, Pineapple, Orange, and Lemon. 0. Detox Drinks – Overall Best THC Detox Drinks. Create a mixture out of sodium bicarbonate and water and use on the hair the day before the screening. The purpose of a drug test is to look for drug use and misuse, which includes: Using any illegal drugs, such as cocaine or club drugs. Have found an amazing 🤩 new juice that’s better then both GreatfulheadZ, jeefjuice, and Bummy juice combined finally willing to help all in need!!!!!🙏🏾 r/blueLotus_VapesGasafe • 1 Still going strong buisness is booming better then all the rest guaranteed hmu for samples so you can try if you haven’t already and remember to stay. Saliva tests are the best ones for figuring out if someone has used cannabis recently, since they can detect if you’ve used it as recently as 12–24 hours ago, said Giordano. Boost your fluid output with some sort of diuretic. 9 Polydrug use can involve both illicit drugs and legal substances, such as alcohol and medications. For Jamba Juice interviews, prospective workers can skip the ties and suits. Typically, a positive test reflects total concentration of the parent drug + its metabolite (s) + interfering substance (s) present in the urine sample. i think its great that it can be used in this form but i have done no testing yet on my own to prove that the bummy legion juice s legit blue lotus extract nor do i know where to. Maybe. Sep 27, 2021 - Explore Bummy Legion's board "Energy Drinks" on Pinterest. One way your body flushes out these chemicals is through urine. Lemon. While melatonin is. Cranberry juice is another fantastic natural detox drink that may help cleanse THC out of your system. Natural Process to Successfully Pass a Piss Test. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Nymphaea Caerulea E-Juice (Liquid) creates a clean crisp vapor with a soft enjoyable taste. Tips to get helpful answers. Urine tests are the most common type of drug test. If You’re Based in The US, cbdMD makes the #1 best CBD products on. Ask the people being tested to limit their fluid intake before the test. Y-axis: the levels of the THC-COOH in the urine. Antioxidants reduce oxidative stress, which research has linked to. Drug tests identify tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or its metabolites. Meanwhile, if you are a regular user of weed, your body will take longer to recover from it. They each have varying. Lemon juice contains citric acid, which helps eliminate toxins in the urine, making it appear less concentrated. When it comes to urine samples, an infrequent user will test positive on a drug test up to four days after last smoking the herb. Drugs like marijuana can stay in the body longer, up to 3 months, than. There are four primary types of toxicology screening: medical testing. Price: $69. For it to be effective, you need to combine it with lots of water. If you consume marijuana most days but not daily, then it will be detectable for 1-1. Play. Certo is the brand name of a type of fruit pectin commonly used for this method, hence the name. There are two ways of using pickle juice for a drug test. If your home THC drug test shows that your urine tests positive for THC, you can buy yourself some time by drinking a ton of water. Add 1/2 teaspoon ginger root juice to 8 ounces of water and drink it all in one sitting early in the morning on the day before your drug test. Depending on how much THC you're vaping, it will be present in your urine anywhere between 3 and 30 days, and in your blood for up to 1 week. In other words, don’t rely on your buddy’s test experience. Time Needed: 1 hour. Cranberry Juice. Lemon juice. ago. Works for:A drug test (also often toxicology screen or tox screen) is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites. if its a mouth swab test your good it only last 3 days in your mouth. Mayo recommends checking with your doctor or pharmacist before consuming any grapefruit or other citrus products if. 2020. The Quick Luck synthetic urine kit is a reliable and affordable way to get weed out of your system quickly. DONT drinks lots of fluid. CryptoDrug Test. Those looking to pass a test for methamphetamine on Reddit claim they take about 2 tbsps of baking soda dissolved in 16 oz of water 2 hours before the test. Rated 4. Sugar: 2 grams. Unfortunately, baking soda doesn’t mix that well with water, so you will have to work it in well to create a powdery paste. The idea that drinking cranberry juice can help you pass a drug test is a popular myth that has been circulating for years. BUMMY JUICE. Describe the drug test process at Jamba Juice, if there is one. Addition of a few drops of a nitrite-adulterated urine specimen to 0. Downvote. Here is how to make lemon juice for a THC detox: Squeeze a lemon (or half a lemon) into a cup. Use homemade products like lemon juices, ginger and turmeric tea, and apple cider vinegar to flush the toxins out. This is the ideal temperature to conduct a drug test. At Bummy legion We offer quality Vape Juice, Bummy Juice & other Quality Products All at affordable Prices! New to our store? Use code SAVE10 for a 10% discount on your first order. It is one of the best classic recipes that many weed consumers use for detoxification. SoundCloud CAPTAIN PLANET by BUMMY JUICE published on 2019-04-03T06:48:55Z. 4 hours after drinking the Certo and Gatorade, your urine will be clean to pass the test. Marijuana Detection Time Chart. The best method to detox marijuana from your body is abstinence. Bum Juice X SET IT OFF FREESTYLE- Shot by: Inky Jim Filmz - Edited by:Guiseepe Palumbo 💰Black Forest Organic Gummy Bears are the snack all the cubs are hunting for, made with real fruit juice. Again, this gives the pee a yellow. Near us are two coolers full of peanut butter sandwiches, beer, juice, peaches and napkins. Upvote. Collect the urine early in the morning. In fact, some experts believe that the high levels of. Dilution is an appropriate and effective approach for beating a urine drug test. THC is the active ingredient of cannabis marijuana which causes euphoria and addiction. However, if you have time, let’s say one full week, here are steps you can take that may lower the concentration of THC in the urine to below 50ng/ml: Drink 1-2 glasses of cranberry juice every day. Since it can be a common ingredient for your favorite snack bar, it would be better to stop consuming these products at least two days before your test. The idea that drinking cranberry juice can help you pass a drug test is a popular myth that has been circulating for years. Play BUMMY JUICE and discover followers on SoundCloud | Stream tracks, albums,. The sample must be 1. Great examples include a pair of slacks, a button-up shirt or blouse, or a polo. Niacin. Dojo Kickback (feat. Yes. It’s. com #bummylegion #hypedup #bummyjuice #packapunch #perfectjuice #energy #vapejuice #ejuices #vapelife #eliquidsThe antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone had a mean C max with grapefruit juice (300 mL at 0, 3 and 9 h relative to drug administration) corresponding to 180% of that with water; the AUC was 150% of that with water. It can detect drugs used within the past. (if you haven't tried niacin before [vitamin B3], test it in small amounts to get a feel for it) #3. Finally, as well as an internally diluted sample, it will never pass an integrity check and will be rejected by laboratory. Fill a glass with 8 oz of water. One cup of raw beets has 58 calories and 13 grams of carbohydrates. Unfortunately, this may be difficult since urine tests may detect marijuana 1-5 days after an occasional use, 1-3. Typically, traces. THC-COOH, a byproduct of the body’s metabolism of delta-9 THC, is the. Make use of kitchen ingredients. False-positive results of immunoassays. So strict. Cranberry juice is a popular choice for those looking to pass a drug test. Downvote. Play. Now dosage is the biggie. Discover the flavors, embrace the clouds and enjoy the journey with us. Indeed, vinegar (or acetic acid) is very salty and hard to digest. 3. People, especially those from South America, use coca tea to stimulate stomach. The sooner you begin tapering, the less nicotine you’ll need to worry about purging. Certo is the brand name of a type of fruit pectin commonly used for this method, hence the name. Downvote. Remember that these are not a guarantee and can vary by person. It’s the most simple thing to do in the world, this cranberry juice drug test method. In rare occasions, however, taking hemp oil products caused a positive drug result. Your best bet is to stop using drugs at least 30 days before your upcoming drug test. Opioids can be flushed out in 3 days or less, but you have to help it along: go to the drug store, get a box a green tea (REAL tea bags, not that fake bottled crap), a bottle of niacin pills (vitamin b3), and, if you dont have a multivitamins get a bottle of those too i suppose. mouth wash/teeth brushing/ 2Beers. Bummy Juice Pack-A-Punch claims to contain Valerian Root only while Bummy Juice is Blue Lotus, however they both provide the exact same psychoactive. Chopstix - Single. A positive on that test was then “confirmed” at a. An inch and a half of hair from the scalp is removed for hair tests. If you have used the dilution method, it’s advisable that you take 200mg of Vitamin B2 or B12 one hour before the test to give your urine its normal color. Prior to washing, let it sit for 15 minutes. Managed to pour it into the cup and didn't piss in at all cos I did mdma last night. This is going. This was a luxury of the highest order. On top of that, it won’t reliably help. There is more bad. Popular Remedies to Pass a drug test Vinegar and pickle juice. Embarrassed-Price-77 • 2 mo. It contains cucumber water and the salt, both of which are diuretics. Using the mouthwash will give you a two-hour window to pass the drug test. Finally got around to trying some tonight. It might be for some, but it is not a scientifically proven method to pass your drug test. When you are doing a CBD drug test, it’s going to turn negative if you consume the oil in the required servings. But that doesn’t mean that irregular users can easily flush out the presence of THC from their system. Fact: The notion that the acidic properties of vinegar or lemon juice can cleanse your system of drug metabolites is a myth. According to sources, cranberry juice can help flush out toxins from the body, including traces of marijuana. " Some can cause potentially dangerous health problems. A Word to the Wise. Hair Sample Drug Tests. THC stays in your body for up to three weeks or more if the person is hefty. There are many different types of products out there, but we’ve found. pineapple juice, or papaya, because these are ineffective and can be detrimental (see below). g. Add an answer. 99. Answered September 15, 2019 - Supervisor (Former Employee) - Hazel Dell, WA. For example, s moothies or lemon juice can be a source of detoxification and promote overall health. Reply. A cup of beet juice is usually around 100 calories and 25 grams of carbohydrates, because of the way it is processed. Blood test. No nicotine! Vapes in a box mod. 1.